Good Daily Skin Care
Bath or shower daily in warm (not hot) water for 10 to 15minutes maximum. Use minimal soap.
Apply a thick, non fragranced moisturizer all over twice daily. first applied right after the bath after gently patting the skin dry.
Avoidance of Triggers
Treatment of Eczema Flares
Meet your Doctor
Add lukewarm water to fill the tub completely (about 40 gallons of water).
Depending on the size of the tub/amount of water used, add ¼ to ½ cup of common bleach solution to the bath water. Any sodium hypochlorite 6% solution will do (for example, Chlorox liquid bleach); the goal is to make a modified Dakin's solution with a final concentration of about 0.005%.
Stir the mixture to ensure that the bleach is completely diluted in the bath water.
Have patients soak in the chlorinated water for 5 to 10 minutes.
Thoroughly rinse skin clear with lukewarm, fresh water at the end of the bleach bath to prevent dryness and irritation.
As soon as the bath is over, pat the patient dry. Do not rub dry, as this is the same as scratching.
Immediately apply any prescribed medications/emollients.
Repeat bleach baths 2–3 times a week or as prescribed by the physician.
The following restrictions apply
Do not use undiluted bleach directly on the skin. Even diluted bleach baths can potentially cause dryness and/or irritation.
Do not use bleach baths if there are many breaks or open areas in the skin (for fear of intense stinging and burning).
Do not use bleach baths in patients with a known contact allergy to chlorine
What is Eczema?
Eczema is a skin disorder that makes children itchy and dry flaky skin. Many times,a kid can have patchy dry skin.
What are the common symptoms of Eczema?
Can it Occur in Family?
What is the common area of the body which can be affected
(However, DIAPER AREA is usually spared)
Do we need any skin test or allergy test to diagnose Atopic dermatitis or Eczema
At home, how can we avoid any flare-up of Eczema
How to ManageEczema
The best part is that almost more than 50 % of the kid with Eczema outgrows with age.
Treatment:
Can Atopic Dermatitis or Eczema be preventable
To some extent, yes? If your kids are at higher risk of developing dry skin or Eczema, then you can start using moisturizing creams soon after your baby is born.
Recommended Foods
Infants: Breast milk or normal infant formula
For older children —Normal food is usually best. This could include:
Foods to Avoid (Infants and Children)
Note: Don’t dilute milk
Consult doctor immediately
Triggers are things than can make your asthma worse. Know your triggers so you can stay away from them and prevent asthma flare-ups. |
What to do to avoid your triggers |
---|---|
SMOKE: Smoke can make asthma worse. | Do not allow smoking in your home or car. |
COLDS: Illnesses can trigger asthma. | 1. Wash your hands often. 2. Keep your hands away from your face. 3. Avoid contact with people who are sick. 4. Get a flu vaccine shot every year. |
DUST MITES: These tiny bugs live in bedding and carpeting and are too small to be seen | 1. Put a dust mite cover on your pillow and mattress. 2. Wash sheets and blankets in hot water. 3. Wash stuffed animals frequently. 4. Vacuum carpet weekly with a HEPA vacuum. |
MOLD: (WHITE FUNGUS)Mold can grow in warm humid areas. | 1. Clean moldy surfaces with hot soapy water. 2. Fix leaking faucets & pipes. 3. Use a dehumidifier in a damp basement. |
ANIMALS: Some people are allergic to animals. | 1. Do not have pets in your home. 2. If you can’t keep the pet out of the home, then keep it out of the bedroom & keep the door closed. 3. Avoid contact with pets and wash your hands if you pet them |
COCKROACHES & MICE: Some people are allergic to droppings from these pests. | 1. Do not leave food or garbage uncovered. 2. Keep food out of bedroom. 3. Call PEST CONTROLLER. |
EXERCISE: Exercise can trigger asthma. Talk to your provider so you do not avoid exercise. | 1. Take your rescue inhaler before you exercise if advised by your doctor. 2. Warm up and cool down after exercise. 3. Cover your nose and mouth with a scarf during cold weather. |
POLLEN: Trees, grass and weeds can trigger asthma during the spring and during the fall. | 1. Keep your doors and windows shut during allergy season. 2. Ask your DOCOR about allergy medicine. |
Routine bathing in the hospital should not be done to prevent cross infection and hypothermia better be sponged.Bathing can be delayed till the cord falls & should not last more than 5 minutes.
Initial bath, sterile or potable clean water is sufficient.Soaps and cleansers are best avoided initially for few days.
Most of the time cavities are due to a diet high in sugary foods and a lack of brushing.
Every time someone eats, an acid reaction occurs which lasts approximately 20 minutes. During this time the acid environment can destroy the tooth structure, eventually leading to cavities.
Tips for cavity prevention:
Limit frequency of meals and snacks.
Encourage brushing, flossing, and rinsing.
Avoid sticky foods.
Choose nutritious snacks.
12-month Discourage active toilet training until after 18-month visit.
24-month Evaluate the child's readiness. Discuss night time enuresis if the child has daytime control.
Toilet training tips:
Dietary advice to prevent constipation:
1. Adequate fluid: one litre or more water or other non-milk liquids per day.
2. Preferred food:
Avoid:
Infants with constipation who are older than six months.
Note: Iron drops may sometimes cause constipation. Therefore, infants who need iron drops sometimes also need extra diet changes or treatments to make sure that they do not get constipated.
Dietary recommendations for children:
Keep a diary of your child's bowel movements, medicines, pain. This will help you and your child's doctor or nurse figure out if there are triggers for constipation.
Symptoms:
Aim:
Dietary advice to prevent constipation:
Preferred food:
Avoid:
Infants with constipation who are older than six months.
Note: Iron drops may sometimes cause constipation. Therefore, infants who need iron drops sometimes also need extra diet changes or treatments to make sure that they do not get constipated.
Dietary recommendations for children:
Keep a diary of your child's bowel movements, medicines, pain. This will help you and your child's doctor or nurse figure out if there are triggers for constipation.
Serve balanced diet
Fluoridated toothpaste should be introduced when a child is 2-3 years of age.
Avoid nursing children to sleep or putting anything other than water in their bed-time bottle.
Fetal Reasons
Neonatal Reasons
A febrile convulsion (‘febrile’ means high body temperature) is a type of fit that children can have if they get a high temperature. Around one in 20 children will have at least one febrile convulsion. About one in four children who have a febrile convulsion will also have a close relative who has fits/seizures
Age of presentation: 6 to 60 months.
Most children only ever have one febrile convulsion. About three in every ten children will have another febrile convulsion during a separate illness.
After the convulsion has stopped, children usually fall into a deep sleep. They can be confused and upset when they wake up.
Home treatment: Be calm
Paracetamol can decrease the discomfort of the child but do not reduce the risk of having a recurrent febrile seizure, because the seizure often occurs as the temperature is rising or falling.
Consult your doctor after convulsion stops because fever could be due to various reasons which require additional treatment after ruling out.....
Iron deficiency has been shown to be associated with an increased risk of febrile seizures.
Risk of recurrence is high if your kid is less than 1yr of age, duration of fever <24 hr, family history of seizure.
"Take 3" Actions to Fight the Flu
Vaccinate
Stop Germs
Antiviral Drugs if your doctor prescribes them.
Try warm water application & mild massage Give lots of Fluids Ensure Vitamin D
What's Influenza or Flu?
FLU is a respiratory viral infection caused by influenza viruses. However,it's a self-limiting illness and does not require hospitalization.
Then why has my pediatrician recommended the FLU vaccine?
Because it can cause significant health problems in individualhigh-risk children to avoid school absenteeism,it's better to get FLU Vaccine yearly. And if at your high-risk home persons like grandparents, pregnant mother, any person on steroid can catch FLU illness from kids. So, to prevent the spread of disease,it's mandatory to vaccinate all kids.
Is there any Nasal Flu vaccine?
Nowadays,it's not recommended. Only injectable (Intramuscular) Vaccine is available.
What's the dosing schedule of the FLU vaccine?
Common Iron Rich Foods
Common Vitamin C Rich Foods
Enhancer :
iron, present in meat, poultry, fish, and seafood
Vitamin C, present in fruits, juices, potatoes, Fermented or germinated food
Inhibitor:?
Tea, coffee, cocoa, Calcium, particularly from milk and milk products
Age | Texture | Frequency | Average amount of each meal | Amount of raw green leafy vegetables (to be cooked and added to food) (g/day) |
---|---|---|---|---|
6-8 months | Start with thick porridge, well mashed foods | 2-3 meals per day plus frequent breast feeds | Start with 2-3 table spoon full | 25 |
9-11 months | Finely chopped or mashed foods, and foods that baby can pick up | 3–4 meals plus breastfeed. Depending on appetite offer 1–2 snacks | ½ of a 250 ml cup/bowl | 25 |
12-23 months | Family foods, chopped or mashed if necessary | 3–4 meals plus breastfeed. Depending on appetite offer 1–2 snacks | 3/4 to one 250 ml cup/bowl | 40 |
If baby is not breastfed, give in addition: 1–2 cups of milk per day, and 1–2 extra meals per day.
Good sources of important nutrients
Zinc: Liver, flesh of animals, birds and fish, egg yolk.
Vitamin A: The darker the colour the more vitamin A
Vitamin C: (cooking destroys some vitamin C)
fresh fruit - guava, orange, lemon, mandarin, mango, berries, melon, banana, tomato, peppers, green leaves and vegetables - spinach, amaranthus, kale, cassava leaves, sweet potato leaves, cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower baobab pulp fresh starchy roots and fruits are good sources if large amounts are eaten - potato, sweet potato,cassava, plantain.
Calcium:milk and milk products - cheese, yoghurt fish eaten with bones - small whole fish, pounded dried fish, canned fish
Must get your newborn kid test for Blood-group/Thyroid/G6PD/Hearing
warnings signs vary with each child and all signs may not be present
How should I use an inhaler?
There are two types of inhalers — Metered dose inhaler (MDI) and Dry powder inhaler. Follow the instructions below for the type of inhaler prescribed.
If you use more than one kind of inhaled medicine at a time, the reliever medicine (such as asthalin) should be taken first to open the airways then use budecort or beclomethasone. This helps the other medicine(s) go deeper into the lungs, so they will work better
Metered dose inhaler (MDI) A metered dose inhaler is used with a spacing device, also called a spacer or holding chamber. It helps the mist reach deeply into the lungs. As small kid are not able to hold their breath for 10 seconds, they need to use a spacer with a mask.
Prepare the inhaler:
Using a spacer without a mask
Using a spacer with a mask
How do I know when an MDI is empty?
Don’t Run Out On a calendar, keep track of the number of doses you use in a day and subtract it from the number on the inhaler. Throw it away and get a new one when you reach zero. Some inhalers have counter windows so you know how many doses are left.
How do I care for the spacer? Remove medication inhaler from the spacer and set aside. Wash all parts of the spacer with mild soapy water and rinse thoroughly. Air dry the spacer, making sure it is dry before the next use.
Before using the inhaler for the first time it must be primed. Prime the inhaler by re¬leasing 1 to 2 sprays (or per the manufacturer’s direction) in to the air, and away from your face. If the inhaler has not been used for 7 days, you may need to prime it again
Release only 1 puff/spray of medication into the chamber at a time. If additional puffs are ordered, wait 1 minute before giving another puff especially for rescue medication(eg-asthalin).
Clean the spacer at least once a week.
Remove the mask (if removable) and the rubber end that holds the metered dose inhaler onto the spacer. Wash all parts of the spacer with mild soapy water and rinse thoroughly. Air dry the spacer, making sure it is dry before the next use.
Tips
What is a nebulizer?
A nebulizer treatment (“neb ”) gives medicine as a fine mist that is breathed into the lungs through a mask or a mouthpiece. You will have a nebulizer machine and a nebulizer cup to put the medicine in.
How to use a nebulizer machine
Hold the neb cup in an upright position for the whole treatment. The treatment will last about 10 minutes. Use either a facemask or a mouthpiece to deliver the medicine. Just blowing the medicine at the nose and mouth does not get the medicine into the lungs.
Sometimes more than one medicine will be used. Check with your doctor about mixing the medicines together.
Face mask – a face mask should be used for younger children.
Mouthpiece – for older kids a mouthpiece can be used. Place the mouthpiece over the tongue and between the teeth. You should be able to see the mist at the opposite end disappear as the medicine is inhaled.
How should I care for the equipment?
Clean the parts of the nebulizer according to the directions that come with the machine.
few serious sunburns can increase your child’s risk of skin cancer later in life
Suggestions to break the habit:
Symptoms:
Baby symptoms: Frequent feedings, Shallow latch on breast, Sucking callous on lip, kids becomes fatigued quickly during feedings.
Mother complaining of- Painful breastfeeding, Breast still full of milk after feedings, Nipple trauma (Cracking, Bleeding, Creasing, Flattening).
Treatment: Frenectomy ( Removal of a frenum, which is a small fold of tissue that restricts the movement of tongue)
Discuss consequences of violent action in real life:
Vaccination at Birth
Your baby must get all three vaccines on day one of life.
Vaccination during 6 weeks/10 weeks & 14 weeks (or 2/4/6 months of age)
Starting from 6 weeks, your baby needsa total of eight vaccines
There are two types of DPT combinationsin the market:DTaP (Acellular - Painless & Fever less)– Diphtheria and tetanus toxoids, and acellular pertussis, and another is DTwP(Whole Cell - Painful with Fever)– Diphtheria and tetanus toxoids, and whole-cell pertussis. It is approved for use as a three-dose series for children six weeks through four years of age. Both have good efficacy. However, DTaP vaccines have fewer local, systemic, and febrile reactions than DTwP vaccines. IAP (Indian Academy of Pediatrics)has approvedboth vaccines can be used for the kids.
https://iapindia.org/pdf/Indian-Pediatrics-December-2020-issue.pdf
Which one is better for my kid – I am Confused?
First of all, your kid should get all the vaccines. Both are excellent and productive vaccines; however, if you want less pain, swelling, and fever, you may opt for a painless (DTaP ) one. But if there is any history of Progressive or unstable neurologic disease (e.g., infantile spasms, uncontrolled seizures, progressive encephalopathy),it's better to get a painless (DTaP ) one.
Should I get the Pneumococcal 13 or Pneumococcal 10 vaccine?
Few data are available to support the choice between the two currently available pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs), ten-valent PCV (PCV10) and 13-valent PCV (PCV13). PCV10 and PCV13 are similarly highly immunogenic when used in 2 + 1 schedule.
The choice of vaccine might be influenced by factors such as the comparative magnitude of the antibody responses, price, and the relative importance of different serotypes in different settings.You must opt for anyone; however, if your baby is premature, then a vaccine with better coverage should be the choice.
Cause
Treatment
Hygiene
Baking Soda-Warm Water Soaks: if itching persistent
Cream: After soaks, apply Cutisoft 1% cream twice for 1 or 2 days.
Consult doctor if: